Actinic Keratosis
The Most Common Precancer
Actinic keratosis also known as solar keratosis, many doctors consider it by far the most common precancer, is the result of prolonged exposure to sunlight.
What is Actinic Keratosis?
Actinic keratosis(or in short AK) are often best detected by feeling rather than just looking at the skin. At times they are difficult to see but can be easily felt as small horny, dry and rough scale or crust on the skin. They vary in color from skin-toned, slightly red, tan to reddish brown.
Commonly located on the face, scalp, back of neck, upper chest as well as the tops of the hands and forearms. AK usually appear after age 40 because it grows slowly and take years to develop
AK develop in the skin cells called the keratinocytes which makes up 90% of the epidermis(outermost layer of the skin). From the frequent or intense unprotected exposure to ultraviolet light or radiation, typically from the sun these cells change in size, shape and the way they are organized.
Those who develop AK tend to be fair-skinned people who have spent a lot of time outdoors either at work or play over the course of many years. The skin is often wrinkled, mottled and discoloured from sun exposure.
AK are precancerous, which means they can develop into skin cancer. If left untreated about 2.5% of AK develop into a serious form of skin cancer called squamous cell skin cancer. It is important that anyone with AK should be under the care of a dermatologist.
What do AK look like? Photos by American Academy of Dermatology
Treatment Options for Actinic Keratosis
There are many treatment options and each has its advantages and disadvantages. Your dermatologist have the necessary training and experience needed to determine which treatments are most appropriate for you. Some of the treatment available are:
- chemical peeling
- cryosurgery(freezing)
- curettage(scraping)
- dermabrasion
- diclofenac sodium gel
- imiquimod cream
- laser resurfacing
- photodynamic therapy
- surgical excision
- topical chemotherapy
The best treatment for AK is still prevention.
Treatment options including procedure, how it works, advantages and disadvantages - an educational program by American Academy of Dermatology
Prevention form Actinic Keratosis
As AK develop in skin that has been exposed to the UV light of the sun for years, the best defense against AK is to practice sun protection. To prevent AK and other skin cancer, adopt a comprehensive sun protection regime that basically includes:- avoid deliberate tanning
- limit your time in the sun
- generously apply sunscreen to all exposed skin
- cover up with sun protective clothing if you must be out in the sun
When caught in the early stages, AK and all types of skin cancer are treatable and in most cases curable. The key to early detection is frequent skin examination. Perform regular self-examination and being screened by a dermatologist is highly recommended.
American Academy of Dermatologist's Recommendation for AK
If you suffer from AK, here are 3 key facts that you should know:
- AK are the earliest stage in the development of skin cancer
- AK develop in skin damaged by ultraviolet radiation, so it is essential to protect your skin from the sun as well as avoid tanning beds and other tanning devices
- Studies show that between 2.5% and 16% of AK per year progress to squamous cell carcinoma, one ot the many types of skin cancer that can spread.
Take a QUIZ! Any gender risks for AK? YES or NO?
The answer is YES! Most studies have shown a male to female ratio of approximately 2:1
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